{"id":2233,"date":"2020-12-05T19:09:40","date_gmt":"2020-12-05T19:09:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/?p=2233"},"modified":"2021-03-11T19:24:50","modified_gmt":"2021-03-11T19:24:50","slug":"outpost-of-the-roman-empire-housesteads","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/outpost-of-the-roman-empire-housesteads\/","title":{"rendered":"Outpost of the Roman Empire, Housesteads"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#191970\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Imagine this. You were born by the shores of the Mediterranean. Your childhood summers were hot and your winters temperate. But now you are grown, and you are a soldier, posted to the furthest reaches of the Empire where icy winds blow down from the north and snow falls in the winter months. You have probably never seen snow before<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vercovicium<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Your posting is to Vercovicium, the fort that today we know as Housesteads. Vercovicium means \u2018the place of the effective fighters\u2019 and you are here to defend the empire. Unlike most of the forts which straddle the great wall which was built at the command of your emperor Hadrian, this one lies just to its south. You are one of around 800 soldiers based here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Over the heather the wet wind blows,<\/p><p>I\u2019ve lice in my tunic and a cold in my nose.<\/p><p>The rain comes pattering out of the sky,<\/p><p>I\u2019m a Wall soldier, I don\u2019t know why.<\/p><p>The mist creeps over the hard grey stone,<\/p><p>My girl\u2019s in Tungria; I sleep alone.<\/p><cite>From \u2018Roman Wall Blues\u2019 by W H Auden<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fast-forward to the 21<sup>st<\/sup> century<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Relatively little remains of the fort today; but there is enough for us to be able to trace the layout of the buildings and learn something of how those soldiers would have lived. Although the environment would have seemed harsh to many of them, especially in winter, they were relatively well-housed and were self-sufficient. The ordinary soldiers lived in barracks and the remains of some of these can be seen here today. These barracks were where they slept and also relaxed when off duty. They ate bread and other food that was cooked in the ovens on one side of the fort. The supplies for these meals were stored in granaries, with stone pillars that supported a raised floor to keep the food dry and free from rats and mice.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>#jtg-2230 .modula-item .jtg-social a, .lightbox-socials.jtg-social a{ fill: #ffffff; color: #ffffff }#jtg-2230 .modula-item .jtg-social-mobile a{ fill: #ffffff; color: #ffffff }#jtg-2230 .modula-item .jtg-social svg, .lightbox-socials.jtg-social svg { height: 16px; width: 16px }#jtg-2230 .modula-item .jtg-social-mobile svg { height: 16px; width: 16px }#jtg-2230 .modula-item .jtg-social a:not(:last-child), .lightbox-socials.jtg-social a:not(:last-child) { margin-right: 10px }#jtg-2230 .modula-item .jtg-social-mobile .jtg-social-mobile-icons a:not(:last-child){ margin-right: 10px }#jtg-2230 .modula-item .figc {color:#191970;}#jtg-2230 .modula-item .modula-item-content { transform: scale(1) }#jtg-2230 .modula-items .figc p.description { font-size:16px; }#jtg-2230 .modula-items .figc p.description { color:#191970;}#jtg-2230.modula-gallery .modula-item > a, #jtg-2230.modula-gallery .modula-item, #jtg-2230.modula-gallery .modula-item-content > a:not(.modula-no-follow) { cursor:pointer; 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width: auto !important; bottom: 0; left: 0; right : 0; height: 95px; padding: 10px 10px 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6) !important;} .modula-fancybox-container.modula-lightbox-jtg-2230.modula-fancybox-show-thumbs .modula-fancybox-inner {  right: 0 !important; bottom: 95px !important; } }.modula-fancybox-container.modula-lightbox-jtg-2230 .modula-fancybox-bg{background:#000000;opacity:1 !important;}html body .modula.modula-columns .modula-items.grid-gallery .modula-item.effect-under .modula-item-content { height:auto;}#jtg-2230 .modula-video-icon {  position: absolute; width: 30px;top: 50%;left: 50%;transform: translate(-50%,-50%); }#jtg-2230 .modula-video-icon { z-index:10; }#jtg-2230  .modula-video-icon { width : 30px!important }#jtg-2230 .modula-video-icon > svg{ max-width : 400%!important }.modula-fancybox-container.modula-lightbox-jtg-2230 .fancybox__caption {align-self:center}@media screen and (max-width:480px){#jtg-2230 .modula-item .figc .jtg-title {  font-size: 12px; }#jtg-2230 .modula-items .figc p.description { color:#191970;font-size:10px; }}<\/style>\n<!-- Gallery Container -->\n<div  id=\"jtg-2230\" class=\"modula modula-gallery modula-custom-grid\" data-config=\"{&quot;height&quot;:800,&quot;tabletHeight&quot;:800,&quot;mobileHeight&quot;:800,&quot;desktopHeight&quot;:800,&quot;enableTwitter&quot;:false,&quot;enableWhatsapp&quot;:false,&quot;enableFacebook&quot;:false,&quot;enablePinterest&quot;:false,&quot;enableLinkedin&quot;:false,&quot;enableEmail&quot;:false,&quot;randomFactor&quot;:0.5,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;custom-grid&quot;,&quot;columns&quot;:12,&quot;gutter&quot;:10,&quot;mobileGutter&quot;:10,&quot;tabletGutter&quot;:10,&quot;desktopGutter&quot;:10,&quot;enableResponsive&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;tabletColumns&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;mobileColumns&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;lazyLoad&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;lightboxOpts&quot;:{&quot;animated&quot;:true,&quot;Thumbs&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;modern&quot;,&quot;showOnStart&quot;:true},&quot;Toolbar&quot;:{&quot;display&quot;:{&quot;right&quot;:[&quot;close&quot;],&quot;left&quot;:[]},&quot;enabled&quot;:true},&quot;Carousel&quot;:{&quot;Panzoom&quot;:{&quot;touch&quot;:false},&quot;infinite&quot;:false,&quot;transition&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;},&quot;keyboard&quot;:{&quot;Escape&quot;:&quot;close&quot;,&quot;Delete&quot;:&quot;close&quot;,&quot;Backspace&quot;:&quot;close&quot;,&quot;PageUp&quot;:false,&quot;PageDown&quot;:false,&quot;ArrowUp&quot;:false,&quot;ArrowDown&quot;:false,&quot;ArrowRight&quot;:false,&quot;ArrowLeft&quot;:false},&quot;touch&quot;:false,&quot;backdropClick&quot;:false,&quot;l10n&quot;:{&quot;CLOSE&quot;:&quot;Close&quot;,&quot;NEXT&quot;:&quot;Next&quot;,&quot;PREV&quot;:&quot;Previous&quot;,&quot;Error&quot;:&quot;The requested content cannot be loaded. 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%%gallery_link%%&quot;,&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;lightbox&quot;:&quot;fancybox&quot;},&quot;enableSlideshow&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;enableAutoplay&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;slideshowSpeed&quot;:&quot;5000&quot;,&quot;pauseOnHover&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;lightbox&quot;:&quot;fancybox&quot;,&quot;filterClick&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;dropdownFilters&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;defaultActiveFilter&quot;:&quot;all&quot;,&quot;initLightbox&quot;:&quot;modula_pro_init_lightbox&quot;,&quot;haveFilters&quot;:0,&quot;lightbox_devices&quot;:&quot;both&quot;}\">\n\n\t\n\t<!-- Items Container -->\n\t<div  class=\"modula-items\">\n\t\t<div class=\"modula-item effect-lily jtg-filter-all jtg-filter-\" data-width=\"6\" data-height=\"5\" >\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-content\">\n\n        \n                    <a data-image-id=\"2215\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110929-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1175%2C767&amp;ssl=1\" rel=\"jtg-2230\" data-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Outer wall and barracks&lt;\/p&gt;\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" role=\"button\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110929-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"tile-inner modula-item-link\"><\/a>\n        \n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pic wp-image-2215\"  data-valign=\"middle\" data-halign=\"center\" alt=\"Remains of a fort\" data-full=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110929-Blog.bak_.jpg\" title=\"Outer wall and barracks, Housesteads\" width=\"1175\" height=\"767\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110929-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1175%2C767&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110929-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1175%2C767&amp;ssl=1\" data-caption=\"Outer wall and barracks\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110929-Blog.bak_.jpg?w=1175&amp;ssl=1 1175w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110929-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=300%2C196&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110929-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=1024%2C668&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110929-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=768%2C501&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n\t\t<div class=\"figc\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"figc-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jtg-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">Outer wall and barracks<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"modula-item effect-lily jtg-filter-all jtg-filter-\" data-width=\"6\" data-height=\"8\" >\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-content\">\n\n        \n                    <a data-image-id=\"2221\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110936-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=802%2C1142&amp;ssl=1\" rel=\"jtg-2230\" data-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The granary&lt;\/p&gt;\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" role=\"button\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110936-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"tile-inner modula-item-link\"><\/a>\n        \n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pic wp-image-2221\"  data-valign=\"middle\" data-halign=\"center\" alt=\"Ruins of a fort\" data-full=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110936-Blog.bak_.jpg\" title=\"The granary, Housesteads\" width=\"802\" height=\"1142\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110936-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=802%2C1142&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110936-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=802%2C1142&amp;ssl=1\" data-caption=\"The granary\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110936-Blog.bak_.jpg?w=802&amp;ssl=1 802w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110936-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=211%2C300&amp;ssl=1 211w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110936-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=719%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 719w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110936-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=768%2C1094&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n\t\t<div class=\"figc\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"figc-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jtg-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">The granary<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"modula-item effect-lily jtg-filter-all jtg-filter-\" data-width=\"6\" data-height=\"5\" >\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-content\">\n\n        \n                    <a data-image-id=\"2218\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110932-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1170%2C860&amp;ssl=1\" rel=\"jtg-2230\" data-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Part of the outer wall&lt;\/p&gt;\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" role=\"button\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110932-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"tile-inner modula-item-link\"><\/a>\n        \n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pic wp-image-2218\"  data-valign=\"middle\" data-halign=\"center\" alt=\"Ruins of a fort wall in a green landscape\" data-full=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110932-Blog.bak_.jpg\" title=\"Part of the outer wall, Housesteads\" width=\"1170\" height=\"860\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110932-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1170%2C860&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110932-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1170%2C860&amp;ssl=1\" data-caption=\"Part of the outer wall\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110932-Blog.bak_.jpg?w=1170&amp;ssl=1 1170w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110932-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=300%2C221&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110932-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=1024%2C753&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110932-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=768%2C565&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n\t\t<div class=\"figc\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"figc-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jtg-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">Part of the outer wall<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"modula-item effect-lily jtg-filter-all jtg-filter-\" data-width=\"6\" data-height=\"4\" >\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-content\">\n\n        \n                    <a data-image-id=\"2224\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110941-Blog.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" rel=\"jtg-2230\" data-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Outer wall with oven&lt;\/p&gt;\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" role=\"button\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110941-Blog.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"tile-inner modula-item-link\"><\/a>\n        \n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pic wp-image-2224\"  data-valign=\"middle\" data-halign=\"center\" alt=\"Ruins of a fort in a green landscape\" data-full=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110941-Blog.jpg\" title=\"Outer wall with oven, Housesteads\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110941-Blog.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110941-Blog.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" data-caption=\"Outer wall with oven\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110941-Blog.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110941-Blog.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110941-Blog.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110941-Blog.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110941-Blog.jpg?resize=800%2C600&amp;ssl=1 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n\t\t<div class=\"figc\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"figc-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jtg-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">Outer wall with oven<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"modula-item effect-lily jtg-filter-all jtg-filter-\" data-width=\"6\" data-height=\"5\" >\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-content\">\n\n        \n                    <a data-image-id=\"2216\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110930-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" rel=\"jtg-2230\" data-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Looking south&lt;\/p&gt;\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" role=\"button\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110930-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"tile-inner modula-item-link\"><\/a>\n        \n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pic wp-image-2216\"  data-valign=\"middle\" data-halign=\"center\" alt=\"Remains of a fort in hilly landscape\" data-full=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110930-Blog.bak_.jpg\" title=\"Looking south over Housesteads Fort\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110930-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110930-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" data-caption=\"Looking south\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110930-Blog.bak_.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110930-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110930-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110930-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110930-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=800%2C600&amp;ssl=1 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n\t\t<div class=\"figc\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"figc-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jtg-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">Looking south<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"modula-item effect-lily jtg-filter-all jtg-filter-\" data-width=\"6\" data-height=\"8\" >\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-content\">\n\n        \n                    <a data-image-id=\"2212\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110931-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=900%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" rel=\"jtg-2230\" data-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The barracks&lt;\/p&gt;\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" role=\"button\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110931-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"tile-inner modula-item-link\"><\/a>\n        \n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pic wp-image-2212\"  data-valign=\"middle\" data-halign=\"center\" alt=\"Remains of a fort in hilly landscape\" data-full=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110931-Blog.bak_.jpg\" title=\"The barracks at Housesteads\" width=\"900\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110931-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=900%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110931-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=900%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-caption=\"The barracks\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110931-Blog.bak_.jpg?w=900&amp;ssl=1 900w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110931-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=225%2C300&amp;ssl=1 225w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110931-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=768%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n\t\t<div class=\"figc\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"figc-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jtg-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">The barracks<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"modula-item effect-lily jtg-filter-all jtg-filter-\" data-width=\"6\" data-height=\"5\" >\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-content\">\n\n        \n                    <a data-image-id=\"2225\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110924-Blog.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" rel=\"jtg-2230\" data-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Looking south&lt;\/p&gt;\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" role=\"button\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110924-Blog.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"tile-inner modula-item-link\"><\/a>\n        \n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pic wp-image-2225\"  data-valign=\"middle\" data-halign=\"center\" alt=\"Ruins of a fort in a green landscape\" data-full=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110924-Blog.jpg\" title=\"Looking south from Housesteads\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110924-Blog.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110924-Blog.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" data-caption=\"Looking south\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110924-Blog.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110924-Blog.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110924-Blog.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110924-Blog.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110924-Blog.jpg?resize=800%2C600&amp;ssl=1 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n\t\t<div class=\"figc\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"figc-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jtg-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">Looking south<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n\t{\n\t\t\"@context\": \"http:\/\/schema.org\",\n\t\t\"@type\"   : \"ImageGallery\",\n\t\t\"id\"      : \"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/outpost-of-the-roman-empire-housesteads\/\",\n\t\t\"url\"     : \"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/outpost-of-the-roman-empire-housesteads\/\"\n\t}\n\n\t<\/script>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>There was a workshop, hospital, and at the heart of the fort a headquarters building known as the Praetorium or Principia. This had a courtyard where ceremonies (both military and religious) took place; a shrine where the regiment\u2019s standards were displayed alongside altars to the gods and a statue of the emperor; and offices with a strong room to store valuables, including the soldiers\u2019 pay.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>#jtg-2231 .modula-item .jtg-social a, .lightbox-socials.jtg-social a{ fill: #ffffff; color: #ffffff }#jtg-2231 .modula-item .jtg-social-mobile a{ fill: #ffffff; color: #ffffff }#jtg-2231 .modula-item .jtg-social svg, .lightbox-socials.jtg-social svg { height: 16px; width: 16px }#jtg-2231 .modula-item .jtg-social-mobile svg { height: 16px; width: 16px }#jtg-2231 .modula-item .jtg-social a:not(:last-child), .lightbox-socials.jtg-social a:not(:last-child) { margin-right: 10px }#jtg-2231 .modula-item .jtg-social-mobile .jtg-social-mobile-icons a:not(:last-child){ margin-right: 10px }#jtg-2231 .modula-item .figc {color:#191970;}#jtg-2231 .modula-item .modula-item-content { transform: scale(1) }#jtg-2231 .modula-items .figc p.description { font-size:16px; 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Please try again later.&quot;,&quot;PLAY_START&quot;:&quot;Start slideshow&quot;,&quot;PLAY_STOP&quot;:&quot;Pause slideshow&quot;,&quot;FULL_SCREEN&quot;:&quot;Full screen&quot;,&quot;THUMBS&quot;:&quot;Thumbnails&quot;,&quot;DOWNLOAD&quot;:&quot;Download&quot;,&quot;SHARE&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;ZOOM&quot;:&quot;Zoom&quot;,&quot;EMAIL&quot;:&quot;Here is the link to the image : %%image_link%% and this is the link to the gallery : %%gallery_link%%&quot;,&quot;MODAL&quot;:&quot;You can close this modal content with the ESC key&quot;,&quot;ERROR&quot;:&quot;Something Went Wrong, Please Try Again Later&quot;,&quot;IMAGE_ERROR&quot;:&quot;Image Not Found&quot;,&quot;ELEMENT_NOT_FOUND&quot;:&quot;HTML Element Not Found&quot;,&quot;AJAX_NOT_FOUND&quot;:&quot;Error Loading AJAX : Not Found&quot;,&quot;AJAX_FORBIDDEN&quot;:&quot;Error Loading AJAX : Forbidden&quot;,&quot;IFRAME_ERROR&quot;:&quot;Error Loading Page&quot;,&quot;TOGGLE_ZOOM&quot;:&quot;Toggle zoom level&quot;,&quot;TOGGLE_THUMBS&quot;:&quot;Toggle thumbnails&quot;,&quot;TOGGLE_SLIDESHOW&quot;:&quot;Toggle slideshow&quot;,&quot;TOGGLE_FULLSCREEN&quot;:&quot;Toggle full-screen mode&quot;},&quot;Images&quot;:{&quot;Panzoom&quot;:{&quot;maxScale&quot;:2},&quot;protected&quot;:false,&quot;zoom&quot;:false},&quot;toolbar&quot;:true,&quot;infobar&quot;:false,&quot;wheel&quot;:false,&quot;animationEffect&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;animationDuration&quot;:366,&quot;transitionEffect&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;transitionDuration&quot;:366,&quot;preventCaptionOverlap&quot;:false,&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;protect&quot;:false},&quot;mainClass&quot;:&quot;modula-fancybox-container modula-lightbox-jtg-2231&quot;,&quot;Html&quot;:{&quot;videoAutoplay&quot;:0,&quot;videoTpl&quot;:&quot;&lt;video class=\\&quot;fancybox__html5video\\&quot; controls muted playsinline controlsList controlsList=\\&quot;nodownload\\&quot; poster=\\&quot;{{poster}}\\&quot; src=\\&quot;{{src}}\\&quot; type=\\&quot;{{format}}\\&quot; &gt;  Sorry, your browser doesn&#039;t support embedded videos, &lt;a href=\\&quot;{{src}}\\&quot;&gt; download &lt;\\\/a&gt; and watch with your favorite video player! &lt;\\\/video&gt;&quot;},&quot;showClass&quot;:&quot;m-fadeIn&quot;,&quot;hideClass&quot;:&quot;m-fadeOut&quot;},&quot;inView&quot;:false,&quot;email_subject&quot;:&quot;Check out this awesome image !!&quot;,&quot;email_message&quot;:&quot;Here is the link to the image : %%image_link%% and this is the link to the gallery : %%gallery_link%%&quot;,&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;lightbox&quot;:&quot;fancybox&quot;},&quot;enableSlideshow&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;enableAutoplay&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;slideshowSpeed&quot;:&quot;5000&quot;,&quot;pauseOnHover&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;lightbox&quot;:&quot;fancybox&quot;,&quot;filterClick&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;dropdownFilters&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;defaultActiveFilter&quot;:&quot;all&quot;,&quot;initLightbox&quot;:&quot;modula_pro_init_lightbox&quot;,&quot;haveFilters&quot;:0,&quot;lightbox_devices&quot;:&quot;both&quot;}\">\n\n\t\n\t<!-- Items Container -->\n\t<div  class=\"modula-items\">\n\t\t<div class=\"modula-item effect-lily jtg-filter-all jtg-filter-\" data-width=\"7\" data-height=\"6\" >\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-content\">\n\n        \n                    <a data-image-id=\"2213\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110925-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C769&amp;ssl=1\" rel=\"jtg-2231\" data-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Column in the Principia&lt;\/p&gt;\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" role=\"button\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110925-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"tile-inner modula-item-link\"><\/a>\n        \n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pic wp-image-2213\"  data-valign=\"middle\" data-halign=\"center\" alt=\"Remains of a fort with broken column\" data-full=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110925-Blog.bak_.jpg\" title=\"Column in the Principia, Housesteads\" width=\"1200\" height=\"769\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110925-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C769&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110925-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C769&amp;ssl=1\" data-caption=\"Column in the Principia\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110925-Blog.bak_.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110925-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=300%2C192&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110925-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=1024%2C656&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110925-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=768%2C492&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n\t\t<div class=\"figc\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"figc-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jtg-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">Column in the Principia<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"modula-item effect-lily jtg-filter-all jtg-filter-\" data-width=\"5\" data-height=\"6\" >\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-content\">\n\n        \n                    <a data-image-id=\"2228\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110926-Blog.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" rel=\"jtg-2231\" data-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Information board&lt;\/p&gt;\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" role=\"button\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110926-Blog.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"tile-inner modula-item-link\"><\/a>\n        \n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pic wp-image-2228\"  data-valign=\"middle\" data-halign=\"center\" alt=\"Information board about the fort HQ\" data-full=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110926-Blog.jpg\" title=\"Information board at Housesteads\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110926-Blog.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110926-Blog.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" data-caption=\"Information board\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110926-Blog.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110926-Blog.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110926-Blog.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110926-Blog.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110926-Blog.jpg?resize=800%2C600&amp;ssl=1 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n\t\t<div class=\"figc\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"figc-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jtg-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">Information board<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"modula-item effect-lily jtg-filter-all jtg-filter-\" data-width=\"6\" data-height=\"4\" >\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-content\">\n\n        \n                    <a data-image-id=\"2219\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110933-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C833&amp;ssl=1\" rel=\"jtg-2231\" data-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Hadrian&#039;s Wall from Housesteads&lt;\/p&gt;\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" role=\"button\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110933-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"tile-inner modula-item-link\"><\/a>\n        \n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pic wp-image-2219\"  data-valign=\"middle\" data-halign=\"center\" alt=\"Line of a wall climbing a hill past trees\" data-full=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110933-Blog.bak_.jpg\" title=\"Hadrian&#039;s Wall from Housesteads\" width=\"1200\" height=\"833\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110933-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C833&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110933-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C833&amp;ssl=1\" data-caption=\"Hadrian&#039;s Wall from Housesteads\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110933-Blog.bak_.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110933-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=300%2C208&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110933-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=1024%2C711&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110933-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=768%2C533&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n\t\t<div class=\"figc\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"figc-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jtg-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">Hadrian's Wall from Housesteads<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"modula-item effect-lily jtg-filter-all jtg-filter-\" data-width=\"6\" data-height=\"4\" >\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-content\">\n\n        \n                    <a data-image-id=\"2222\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110938-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C819&amp;ssl=1\" rel=\"jtg-2231\" data-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Barracks and outer wall&lt;\/p&gt;\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" role=\"button\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110938-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"tile-inner modula-item-link\"><\/a>\n        \n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pic wp-image-2222\"  data-valign=\"middle\" data-halign=\"center\" alt=\"Ruins of a fort in a green landscape\" data-full=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110938-Blog.bak_.jpg\" title=\"Barracks and outer wall, Housesteads\" width=\"1200\" height=\"819\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110938-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C819&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110938-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C819&amp;ssl=1\" data-caption=\"Barracks and outer wall\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110938-Blog.bak_.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110938-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=300%2C205&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110938-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=1024%2C699&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110938-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=768%2C524&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n\t\t<div class=\"figc\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"figc-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jtg-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">Barracks and outer wall<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n\t{\n\t\t\"@context\": \"http:\/\/schema.org\",\n\t\t\"@type\"   : \"ImageGallery\",\n\t\t\"id\"      : \"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/outpost-of-the-roman-empire-housesteads\/\",\n\t\t\"url\"     : \"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/outpost-of-the-roman-empire-housesteads\/\"\n\t}\n\n\t<\/script>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In truth most of the troops based would have been mostly recruited from the north-western provinces of the Roman empire. But some were from further afield like my imaginary soldier above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hadrian\u2019s Wall<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The soldiers\u2019 job was to guard the wall. In the early years of the second century AD the northern limit of the Roman Empire lay in what is now the north of England. The Emperor Hadrian commanded a Wall to be built in order to keep \u2018intact the empire\u2019, but probably also to assert the supremacy of Roman power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Wall was an impressive piece of engineering for its time. It stretched from what is now Wallsend (Roman Segedunum) on England\u2019s north east coast to Bowness-on-Solway in Cumbria in the west. It was 80 Roman miles in length (73 modern miles or 117.5 kilometres) and varied in height between three to six metres. Historians think that the Wall was covered in plaster and whitewashed to make it visible for miles around. This reinforces the belief of some that its purpose was less defensive and more a statement of power; not only Rome\u2019s, but Hadrian\u2019s. It probably also served as a series of customs points, much like present day borders, with taxes being charged to anyone who passed through one of its gates into the Empire to trade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" data-attachment-id=\"2220\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/p1110934-blog-bak\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110934-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,900\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;DMC-FZ200&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1439467848&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;4.5&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0015625&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Hadrian&amp;#8217;s Wall from Housesteads\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Hadrian&amp;#8217;s Wall from Housesteads&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110934-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=640%2C480&amp;ssl=1\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110934-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=640%2C480&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Line of a wall climbing a hill past trees\" class=\"wp-image-2220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110934-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110934-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110934-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110934-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=800%2C600&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110934-Blog.bak_.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Hadrian&#8217;s Wall from Housesteads<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Wall was built from limestone, except in the far west where it was initially of turf, although later this too was reconstructed in stone. It doesn\u2019t run in a straight line but follows the contours of the land and in places takes advantage of these to strengthen its defences. There were forts at approximately five mile intervals to garrison the troops who guarded the border; milecastles at approximately every mile; and two turrets evenly spaced between each of these, meaning that the soldiers had observation points every third of a mile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The <em>Vallum<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>To the south of the Wall was the <em>Vallum<\/em>, a large ditch that was dug by the Romans to reinforce the defences.  This Latin word was the origin of the English word \u2018wall\u2019. It meant \u2018stake\u2019 rather than ditch, derived from the Roman system of temporary defences. The Roman legionaries on campaign each carried two sharpened stakes (in Latin <em>sudis,<\/em>plural <em>sudes<\/em>). These were usually made of oak and were about one and a half metres long. They were used as additional defences on the earthworks of their temporary and campaign camps, either sticking out at an angle as an additional barrier or as a vertical fence along the rampart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\" data-attachment-id=\"2217\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/p1110917-blog-vallum-bak\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110917-Blog-Vallum.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C802&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,802\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;DMC-FZ200&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1439466835&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;36.2&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;160&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.000625&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"The vallum near Housesteads\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The vallum near Housesteads&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110917-Blog-Vallum.bak_.jpg?fit=640%2C428&amp;ssl=1\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110917-Blog-Vallum.bak_.jpg?resize=640%2C428&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Large grassy ditch with trees beyond\" class=\"wp-image-2217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110917-Blog-Vallum.bak_.jpg?resize=1024%2C684&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110917-Blog-Vallum.bak_.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110917-Blog-Vallum.bak_.jpg?resize=768%2C513&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110917-Blog-Vallum.bak_.jpg?resize=272%2C182&amp;ssl=1 272w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110917-Blog-Vallum.bak_.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\" data-attachment-id=\"2214\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/p1110927-blog-bak\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110927-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C802&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,802\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;7.1&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;DMC-FZ200&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1439467465&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;9.4&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;200&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0015625&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Looking south over the vallum at Housesteads\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The vallum at Housesteads&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110927-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=640%2C428&amp;ssl=1\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110927-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=640%2C428&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Remains of a fort in hilly landscape\" class=\"wp-image-2214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110927-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=1024%2C684&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110927-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110927-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=768%2C513&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110927-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=272%2C182&amp;ssl=1 272w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110927-Blog.bak_.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">The <em>Vallum<\/em> at Housesteads<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">After the Romans<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>After the withdrawal of the Romans from Britain in the early 5th century the Wall, though maintained and garrisoned for a short time afterwards, gradually fell into disuse and into ruin. Its stones were reused in the construction of other buildings (many an old farmhouse in this area can boast of having some stones from the Wall) or in road-building. The nearby modern-day B6318, which you will have driven on to get here, follows the line of the 18th century road built by General Wade to move troops during the Jacobite Rebellion. Local people still refer to this as the Military Road.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the 1830s a Newcastle man, John Clayton, took an interest in the Wall. He started buying up the land on which it stood to prevent farmers from taking any more of the stones. Eventually he owned a considerable area of land, including the sites of Chesters, Carrawburgh, Housesteads, and Vindolanda. He carried out some excavations and also employed workmen to restore some stretches of the Wall, of which the best example is at Housesteads.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Steel Rigg<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Another good place from which to view or walk on Hadrian\u2019s Wall in this area is Steel Rigg, a few miles west of Housesteads. Walking between the two you are rewarded with some of the best views in England out over the Cheviots from the top of the Whin Sill and Peel Crags, above Crag Lough.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<style>#jtg-2244 .modula-item .jtg-social a, .lightbox-socials.jtg-social a{ fill: #ffffff; color: #ffffff }#jtg-2244 .modula-item .jtg-social-mobile a{ fill: #ffffff; color: #ffffff }#jtg-2244 .modula-item .jtg-social svg, .lightbox-socials.jtg-social svg { height: 16px; width: 16px }#jtg-2244 .modula-item .jtg-social-mobile svg { height: 16px; width: 16px }#jtg-2244 .modula-item .jtg-social a:not(:last-child), .lightbox-socials.jtg-social a:not(:last-child) { margin-right: 10px }#jtg-2244 .modula-item .jtg-social-mobile .jtg-social-mobile-icons a:not(:last-child){ margin-right: 10px }#jtg-2244 .modula-item .figc {color:#191970;}#jtg-2244 .modula-item .modula-item-content { transform: scale(1) }#jtg-2244 .modula-items .figc p.description { font-size:16px; }#jtg-2244 .modula-items .figc p.description { color:#191970;}#jtg-2244.modula-gallery .modula-item > a, #jtg-2244.modula-gallery .modula-item, #jtg-2244.modula-gallery .modula-item-content > a:not(.modula-no-follow) { cursor:pointer; 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%%gallery_link%%&quot;,&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;lightbox&quot;:&quot;fancybox&quot;},&quot;enableSlideshow&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;enableAutoplay&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;slideshowSpeed&quot;:&quot;5000&quot;,&quot;pauseOnHover&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;lightbox&quot;:&quot;fancybox&quot;,&quot;filterClick&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;dropdownFilters&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;defaultActiveFilter&quot;:&quot;all&quot;,&quot;initLightbox&quot;:&quot;modula_pro_init_lightbox&quot;,&quot;haveFilters&quot;:0,&quot;lightbox_devices&quot;:&quot;both&quot;}\">\n\n\t\n\t<!-- Items Container -->\n\t<div  class=\"modula-items\">\n\t\t<div class=\"modula-item effect-lily jtg-filter-all jtg-filter-\" data-width=\"5\" data-height=\"7\" >\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-content\">\n\n        \n                    <a data-image-id=\"2239\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110953-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=744%2C1030&amp;ssl=1\" rel=\"jtg-2244\" data-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;At Steel Rigg&lt;\/p&gt;\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" role=\"button\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110953-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"tile-inner modula-item-link\"><\/a>\n        \n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pic wp-image-2239\"  data-valign=\"middle\" data-halign=\"center\" alt=\"Landscape with lake and escarpment\" data-full=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110953-Blog.bak_.jpg\" title=\"At Steel Rigg\" width=\"744\" height=\"1030\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110953-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=744%2C1030&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110953-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=744%2C1030&amp;ssl=1\" data-caption=\"At Steel Rigg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110953-Blog.bak_.jpg?w=744&amp;ssl=1 744w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110953-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=217%2C300&amp;ssl=1 217w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110953-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=740%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n\t\t<div class=\"figc\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"figc-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jtg-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">At Steel Rigg<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"modula-item effect-lily jtg-filter-all jtg-filter-\" data-width=\"7\" data-height=\"5\" >\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-content\">\n\n        \n                    <a data-image-id=\"2238\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110948-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C773&amp;ssl=1\" rel=\"jtg-2244\" data-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The Wall and Crag Lough from Steel Rigg&lt;\/p&gt;\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" role=\"button\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110948-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"tile-inner modula-item-link\"><\/a>\n        \n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pic wp-image-2238\"  data-valign=\"middle\" data-halign=\"center\" alt=\"Landscape with hills and farm\" data-full=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110948-Blog.bak_.jpg\" title=\"Hadrian&#039;s Wall and Crag Lough from Steel Rigg\" width=\"1200\" height=\"773\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110948-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C773&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110948-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C773&amp;ssl=1\" data-caption=\"The Wall and Crag Lough from Steel Rigg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110948-Blog.bak_.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110948-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=300%2C193&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110948-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=1024%2C660&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110948-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=768%2C495&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n\t\t<div class=\"figc\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"figc-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jtg-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">The Wall and Crag Lough from Steel Rigg<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"modula-item effect-lily jtg-filter-all jtg-filter-\" data-width=\"7\" data-height=\"4\" >\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-content\">\n\n        \n                    <a data-image-id=\"2243\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110947-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C793&amp;ssl=1\" rel=\"jtg-2244\" data-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The Wall and Crag Lough from Steel Rigg&lt;\/p&gt;\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" role=\"button\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110947-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"tile-inner modula-item-link\"><\/a>\n        \n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pic wp-image-2243\"  data-valign=\"middle\" data-halign=\"center\" alt=\"Lake and escarpment with farm beyond\" data-full=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110947-Blog.bak_.jpg\" title=\"Hadrian&#039;s Wall and Crag Lough from Steel Rigg\" width=\"1200\" height=\"793\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110947-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C793&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110947-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C793&amp;ssl=1\" data-caption=\"The Wall and Crag Lough from Steel Rigg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110947-Blog.bak_.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110947-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=300%2C198&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110947-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=1024%2C677&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110947-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=768%2C508&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n\t\t<div class=\"figc\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"figc-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jtg-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">The Wall and Crag Lough from Steel Rigg<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"modula-item effect-lily jtg-filter-all jtg-filter-\" data-width=\"5\" data-height=\"4\" >\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-content\">\n\n        \n                    <a data-image-id=\"2241\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110957-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C715&amp;ssl=1\" rel=\"jtg-2244\" data-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Peel Crags and the Wall from Steel Rigg&lt;\/p&gt;\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" role=\"button\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110957-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"tile-inner modula-item-link\"><\/a>\n        \n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pic wp-image-2241\"  data-valign=\"middle\" data-halign=\"center\" alt=\"Rocky hillside with stone wall\" data-full=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110957-Blog.bak_.jpg\" title=\"Peel Crags and Hadrian&#039;s Wall from Steel Rigg\" width=\"1200\" height=\"715\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110957-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C715&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110957-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C715&amp;ssl=1\" data-caption=\"Peel Crags and the Wall from Steel Rigg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110957-Blog.bak_.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110957-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=300%2C179&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110957-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=1024%2C610&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110957-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=768%2C458&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n\t\t<div class=\"figc\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"figc-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jtg-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">Peel Crags and the Wall from Steel Rigg<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"modula-item effect-lily jtg-filter-all jtg-filter-\" data-width=\"7\" data-height=\"5\" >\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-content\">\n\n        \n                    <a data-image-id=\"2240\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110955-Blog-feature.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C752&amp;ssl=1\" rel=\"jtg-2244\" data-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Peel Crags and the Wall from Steel Rigg&lt;\/p&gt;\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" role=\"button\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110955-Blog-feature.bak_.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"tile-inner modula-item-link\"><\/a>\n        \n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pic wp-image-2240\"  data-valign=\"middle\" data-halign=\"center\" alt=\"Landscape with escarpment\" data-full=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110955-Blog-feature.bak_.jpg\" title=\"Peel Crags and Hadrian&#039;s Wall from Steel Rigg\" width=\"1200\" height=\"752\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110955-Blog-feature.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C752&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110955-Blog-feature.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C752&amp;ssl=1\" data-caption=\"Peel Crags and the Wall from Steel Rigg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110955-Blog-feature.bak_.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110955-Blog-feature.bak_.jpg?resize=300%2C188&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110955-Blog-feature.bak_.jpg?resize=1024%2C642&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110955-Blog-feature.bak_.jpg?resize=768%2C481&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n\t\t<div class=\"figc\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"figc-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jtg-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">Peel Crags and the Wall from Steel Rigg<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"modula-item effect-lily jtg-filter-all jtg-filter-\" data-width=\"5\" data-height=\"3\" >\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-overlay\"><\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"modula-item-content\">\n\n        \n                    <a data-image-id=\"2242\" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110945-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C762&amp;ssl=1\" rel=\"jtg-2244\" data-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The Wall from Steel Rigg&lt;\/p&gt;\" aria-label=\"Open image in lightbox\" role=\"button\" data-thumb=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110945-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"tile-inner modula-item-link\"><\/a>\n        \n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pic wp-image-2242\"  data-valign=\"middle\" data-halign=\"center\" alt=\"Hill with stone wall\" data-full=\"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110945-Blog.bak_.jpg\" title=\"Hadrian&#039;s Wall from Steel Rigg\" width=\"1200\" height=\"762\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110945-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C762&amp;ssl=1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110945-Blog.bak_.jpg?fit=1200%2C762&amp;ssl=1\" data-caption=\"The Wall from Steel Rigg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110945-Blog.bak_.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110945-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=300%2C191&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110945-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=1024%2C650&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/P1110945-Blog.bak_.jpg?resize=768%2C488&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n\t\t<div class=\"figc\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"figc-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jtg-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"description\">The Wall from Steel Rigg<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n\t{\n\t\t\"@context\": \"http:\/\/schema.org\",\n\t\t\"@type\"   : \"ImageGallery\",\n\t\t\"id\"      : \"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/outpost-of-the-roman-empire-housesteads\/\",\n\t\t\"url\"     : \"https:\/\/toonsarah-travels.blog\/staging\/outpost-of-the-roman-empire-housesteads\/\"\n\t}\n\n\t<\/script>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Today Hadrian\u2019s Wall is a <a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/430\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">UNESCO World Heritage Site<\/a> and is the most visited tourist destination in the north of England. It is also the route of a popular long-distance path and you will see many walkers following the line of the Wall; walking <strong>on<\/strong> it however is discouraged to avoid further damage. In many places now the Wall is little more than a rampart, or even just a few crumbling stones. Nevertheless it isn\u2019t too difficult to see it as those soldiers would have done, as they braved the chill winds to defend the Empire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><sub>I visit Hadrian\u2019s Wall quite regularly. My photos were taken on my last visit in the summer of 2015, when it wasn\u2019t at all bleak!<\/sub><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Imagine this. You were born by the shores of the Mediterranean. Your childhood summers were hot and your winters temperate. But now you are grown, and you are a soldier, posted to the furthest reaches of the Empire where icy winds blow down from the north and snow falls in the winter months. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2227,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[51,50,111],"tags":[52,45,229],"class_list":["post-2233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-england","category-landscape","category-ruins","tag-england","tag-history","tag-northumberland"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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